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<title>Codebase</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Codebase</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the source code of software systems. For the homonymous <a href="Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">database management system</a>, see <a href="CodeBase" title="CodeBase">CodeBase</a>.</div>

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<p>In <a href="Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a>, a <b>codebase</b> (or <b>code base</b>) is a collection of <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> used to <a href="Software_build" title="Software build">build</a> a particular <a href="Software_system" title="Software system">software system</a>, <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">application</a>, or <a href="Software_componentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Software componentry">software component</a>. Typically, a codebase includes only human-written <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> system files; thus, a codebase usually does not include source code files generated by tools (generated files) or binary library files (object files), as they can be built from the human-written source code. However, it generally does include configuration and property files, as they are the data necessary for the build.

</p><p>A codebase is typically stored in a <a href="Source_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Source control">source control</a> repository in a <a href="Version_control" title="Version control">version control</a> system. A source code repository is a place where large amounts of source code are kept, either publicly or privately. Source code repositories are used most basically for backups and versioning, and on multi-developer projects to handle various source code versions and to provide aid in resolving conflicts that arise from developers submitting overlapping modifications.

</p><p><a href="Subversion_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subversion (software)">Subversion</a>, <a href="Git_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Git (software)">Git</a> and <a href="Mercurial" title="Mercurial">Mercurial</a> are examples of popular tools used to handle this workflow, which are common in open source projects.

</p><p>For smaller projects, its code may be kept as a non-managed set of files (even the <a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> was maintained as a set of files for many years).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinct_and_monolithic_codebases">Distinct and monolithic codebases</h2></div>

<p>Multiple projects can have separate, <i>distinct codebases,</i> or can have a single, <i>shared</i> or <i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">

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</style><span class="vanchor"><span class="vanchor-text">monolithic codebase</span></span>.</i> This is particularly the case for related projects, such as those developed within the same company. In more detail, a monolithic codebase typically entails a single repository (all the code in one place), and often a common build system or common libraries. Whether the codebase is shared or split does not depend on the system architecture and actual build results; thus, a monolithic codebase, which is related to the actual development, does not entail a <a href="Monolithic_system" title="Monolithic system">monolithic system</a>, which is related to software architecture or a single monolithic binary. As a result, a monolithic codebase may and (for large codebases) often will consist of separate components, instead of carrying only a single system or single binary; a distributed codebase (with multiple components) can be used to build a single monolithic system or even a single binary. For example, the Linux kernel is architecturally a single <a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">monolithic kernel</a>, but it consists of separate binaries (loadable components), and is developed in multiple distributed repositories.

</p><p>There are both advantages and disadvantages to a monolithic codebase when it is compared to a distributed codebase.<sup id="cite_ref-googledebt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googledebt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-facebookmercurial_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebookmercurial-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most simply, a monolithic codebase simplifies integration‍—‌changes to different components or refactoring of code between components can be done easily and atomically‍—‌and allows operations across the entire codebase, but requires a larger repository and makes it easier to introduce wide-ranging <a href="Technical_debt" title="Technical debt">technical debt</a>. A separate codebase or a distributed codebase keeps individual repositories smaller and more manageable, enforcing at the same time separation between components, but it also requires integration between codebases (or with the main repository), and complicates changes that span multiple codebases.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In terms of standards, referring to multiple codebases as "distinct" declares that there are independent implementations without shared source code and that, historically, these implementations did not evolve from a common project. This may be a way of demonstrating interoperability by showing two independent pieces of software that implement a given standard.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Some notably large codebases include:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>: monolithic, 1 billion files, 9 million source code files, 2 billion lines of source code, 35 million commits in total, 86 TB total size (January 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>: monolithic, 8 GB (repo 54 GB including history, 2014),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hundreds of thousands of files (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-facebookmercurial_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-facebookmercurial-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a>: distributed,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> over 15 million lines of code (as of 2013 and kernel version 3.10)</li></ul>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/codebase" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:codebase">codebase</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/code_base" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:code base">code base</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/codebases" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:codebases">codebases</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/code_bases" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:code bases">code bases</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Codeplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Codeplex">Codeplex</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_free_software_hosting_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of free software hosting facilities">Comparison of free software hosting facilities</a></li>

<li><a href="FishEye_(software)" title="FishEye (software)">FishEye (software)</a></li>

<li><a href="Forge_(software)" title="Forge (software)">Forge (software)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_free_software_project_directories" title="List of free software project directories">List of free software project directories</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_revision_control_software" class="mw-redirect" title="List of revision control software">List of revision control software</a></li>

<li><a href="Snippet_(programming)" title="Snippet (programming)">Snippet (programming)</a></li>

<li><a href="SourceForge.net" class="mw-redirect" title="SourceForge.net">SourceForge.net</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://git-scm.com/book/en/Getting-Started-A-Short-History-of-Git">"A Short History of Git"</a>. <i>git-scm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-googledebt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-googledebt_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJ._David_MorgenthalerMisha_GridnevRaluca_SauciucSanjay_Bhansali2012" class="citation conference cs1">J. David Morgenthaler; Misha Gridnev; Raluca Sauciuc & Sanjay Bhansali (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.google.com/pubs/pub37755.html">"Searching for Build Debt: Experiences Managing Technical Debt at Google"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt</i>. IEEE. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>6. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMTD.2012.6225994">10.1109/MTD.2012.6225994</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-facebookmercurial-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-facebookmercurial_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-facebookmercurial_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://code.facebook.com/posts/218678814984400/scaling-mercurial-at-facebook/">"Scaling Mercurial at Facebook"</a>. <i>Facebook Code</i>. 2014-01-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows">"Git - Distributed Workflows"</a>. <i>git-scm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPotvinLevenberg2016" class="citation journal cs1">Potvin, Rachel; Levenberg, Josh (24 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2854146">"Why Google stores billions of lines of code in a single repository"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>59</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">78–</span>87. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2854146">10.1145/2854146</a></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFfeross2014" class="citation web cs1">@feross (April 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/feross/status/459259593630433280">"Facebook's git repo is 54 GB"</a> (<a href="Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSproullMoon2000" class="citation journal cs1">Sproull, Lee; Moon, Jae Yun (2000-11-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/801/710">"Essence of distributed work: The case of the Linux kernel - Moon - First Monday"</a>. <i><a href="First_Monday_(journal)" title="First Monday (journal)">First Monday</a></i>. <b>5</b> (11)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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